Nocturnal seizures. Instead of shaking, foaming at mouth, and turning blue, nocturnal seizures are marked by screaming, shouting, and pedaling leg movements. Nocturnal seizures can also mimic sleepwalking, says Clete Kushida, MD, PhD, director of the Stanford Center for Human Sleep Research. Treatment with anticonvulsant medication is usually effective, he says.
Sleep-related groaning. "It's very loud groaning, and people come to us who whose groaning has been present lifelong but they are changing living situations where it is all of a sudden it's apparent and that will be bothersome," Mahowald says.
Parasomnias Often Under-Recognized, Misunderstood
Mahowald says that sleepwalking and night terrors result from an abnormal and abrupt arousal out of a deep stage of sleep known as slow wave sleep. The normal transition from deep sleep to a lighter sleep stage having been bypassed, "the brain is not fully conscious; it's almost as if it's half awake and half asleep," he says. "You can perform a complex behavior such as driving a car, but you're not aware enough to know what you are doing."
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